Effect Of The Sex Industry On Women - 907 Words

â€Å"Sex work.† It sounds harmless enough, attempting to make the sale and purchase of women’s bodies as legitimate as any job. Sex work, we are told, represents a feminist response to the masculine hold on the traditional job market. We are further led to believe that it is empowering, that these women are taking control of their sexuality and using it for their own purposes, turning the tables on the patriarchy. The problem with this mindset, however, is that it is not based in reality. The term â€Å"sex work† is meant to make exploitation of women’s bodies through their commercialization seem natural. For the purposes of this discussion, it should be noted that sex work covers a wide range of different practices. Most notably, it covers prostitution and the sale of sex, but it also extends to the strip club industry and the porn industry, as all three of these feed off of each other and emerge from the same broken system. The effects of the sex indust ry on women, however, differs across racial and class boundaries, especially in prostitution, where women of different ethnic backgrounds are often treated as commodities, to attracts certain consumers’ interests for â€Å"exotic† tastes. Although the exploitation of women through sex work takes different forms for women of different backgrounds, the sex industry as a whole is a fundamentally harmful institution that profits from the commercialization and objectification of women and women’s bodies. The sex industry is primarily engagedShow MoreRelatedThe introduction of new technological advanced innovations and methods during the Market Revolution1700 Words   |  7 Pagesof people, especially women, are deceived and moved from their motherland to work in unfavorable industries with prostitution as the most common jobs for these women. With the incessant growth of the prostitution, the act of participating in promiscuous copulation especially for money, theres an outgoing debate on whether prostitution should be legalized or illegalized. However, people fail to focus on the increasing amount of trafficking and child prostitution aroused by sex tourism. As the worldRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesoppressive to women. This debate has existed since the dawn of time, and there is still no clear answer. Society demands that police should stop certain illicit activities from happening in their neighborhoods, but should law enforcement be made to waste their time and effort to arrest those that may or may not be prostitutes? While some believe legalizing prostitution will only encourage more people to buy sex, making prostitution legal will protect those who work in the sex industry. The earliestRead MoreDiscussing The Legalization Of Prostitution1604 Words   |  7 Pages(Mossman, 2007). Prostitution has been shaped by economic, demographic, social, and ethical changes over the years, which contributed to what is now known as â€Å"sex industry.† Cellphones and the internet have influenced the marketing and advertising of this industry, both locally and across borders. With international traveling made easy, sex workers became more mobile, through people trafficking and voluntarily. Because of all these changes, all over the world came the development of different legalRead MoreGail Diness How Porn Has Hijacked Our Sexuality Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesand relationship†(xi). With the competition of the pornography industry and the consumer desensitization of porn has driven the porn industry to create more hard core porn to satisfy the consumers and raise profits. In the beginning of the book, Dines’ depicts the history of pornography and the growing number of competition porn has for consumers. Later she describes, the impact porn has on ou r culture, the effects on both men and women, and our relationships Pornography has a tremendously evolvedRead MoreSex Tourism And The Dominican Republic Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pages Sex tourism in the Dominican Republic is very common. It is defined as an organize vacation with the purpose to have sexual activities with foreign people because of the lack of restriction in the country. It sounds pretty likely as prostitution, but the difference is that sex tourism is only for tourists and prostitution is for everyone. Many women in the Dominican Republic define themselves as sex workers , who get together with a representative to organize their sexual activities with theirRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1663 Words   |  7 Pagescountries have had several negative effects following the legalization of prostitution. Nevertheless, this series of events have sparked discussion in the United States over whether or not the country should allow prostitution in all fifty states. The ban against sex work had previously consisted massively on moral and religious mandates for several hundred years. However, in modern times, enough research has been conducted in distinct areas of the country and the industry in order to come to a conclusionRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of The Legalization Of Prostitution993 Words   |  4 PagesENG2D1-06 Mrs. Galati The Negative Effects of the Legalization of Prostitution in Canada Prostitution is an excuse for someone to degrade someone else s body and exploit them. In the alleged business of prostitution, a man usually pays a women in exchange for sex. By legalizing prostitution and taking away the legal barriers, the morals and principles of people are challenged. Therefore many people may believe it is acceptable to take advantage of vulnerable women in exchange for money, treating themRead MoreProstitution Is A Profession For Victims Of Coercion, Human Trafficking, Physical, And Mental Health1396 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of issues this profession which don’t just include the rights of male and female sex workers, but also concern the physical and mental health of the clients and service. Prostitution is a profession for victims of coercion, human trafficking, physical contact and drug abuse that needs to be ended. The time is now. Legalizing prostitution and making it a legitimate profession only makes it into an industry that is harder to escap e from and easier enter into, forming prostitution into an evenRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Prostitution1061 Words   |  5 Pagescomes to those women there on their own accord or those forced and trafficked. While legalizing prostitution could possibly allow for human trafficking to be monitored more closely, it feeds into the demand. Logically, legalizing sex work will increase the demand. Since it is legal, people who would otherwise refrain from going to a brothel because it is illegal are now much more likely to start frequenting brothels. With sex in demand, it would then increase the amount of women and girls traffickedRead MoreThe Positives Of Decriminalizing Prostitution1283 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution has been considered a criminal act for centuries throughout the world and it is also considered by some to be the world’s oldest profession, dating back to biblical time. The dictionary defines the term, â€Å"The act of having sex in exchange for money: the use of a skill or ability in a way that is not appropriate or respectable† (Merriam-Webster). This act became illegal in America in the early 20th century. Decriminalizing prostitution has its positives and negatives. If prostitution

What I Did You Make It Do That - 882 Words

â€Å"How did you make it do that?† The paper plane looped in the sky, dogfighting with enemy leaves. My third grade teacher watched alongside me, astounded. The plane performed an emergency landing, and I ran to repair the aircraft. Looking at the blueprint I drew up, I adjusted the weight mechanisms, and realigned the wings. It took off again, performing victory acrobatics for the onlookers. â€Å"Tyree, you should be an engineer.† â€Å"You have great hands, you will make a great factory worker.† I looked down at my hands, which held the bridge that granted me acceptance into a pre-engineering high school. The likelihood of achieving my goals increased. I thought my adviser would be excited, but I guess not. â€Å"What black engineer do you know?† My classmates in pre-engineering teased and bullied me for multiple reasons: my family’s income, my different mindset, and their favorite, my race. Although I knew several engineers, and many of the teachers in the pre-engineering program are practicing engineers, none of them looked like me. This career is not made for me. I dropped pre-engineering and studied art at my district high school. â€Å"Are you sure you’re in the right class? This is AP Physics.† Engineering was no longer my dream, but I still loved mathematics and physics. I maintained high grades in advanced level courses within these disciplines, while learning painti ng and three dimensional modeling. I spent half the school day in the office, having to getShow MoreRelatedSome Behavioral Interview Questions. Selection Criteria Sucks980 Words   |  4 Pagesthis questionnaire.. Q. Describe a problem you recently solved at work. What was the problem? How did you solve it? What was the result? I had a problem where the boys would forget to send their timesheets in in time for payday. I created a spreadsheet that allowed me to easily track who had sent theirs through and I would email this spreadsheet to the supervisors to follow up with the day before pay day. This meant all the pays got to go through on time. I also had to follow up with non paymentsRead MoreI Have That Feeling Again1633 Words   |  7 Pages I have that feeling again. It’s not going away. The memories of what you said haunt me. If you want her, have her. She’s the one you really want. I get it. I’ll never be your first choice. It’s always her. She’s prettier and skinnier. Okay, if you didn t make me think that you actually like me, I wouldn t be as hurt. You know I like you. You mean the world to me. What do I mean to you? You probably just keep me around because I’m your back up plan and I buy you stuff. Other than that, you couldRead MoreCommunication Class I Loved It Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages Within this communication class I loved it. 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The expressions that I received from my audience make me believe that my interaction with audience was good. Topic Choice: What were the issuesRead MoreHow to Write 3 Paragraph Essay Responses961 Words   |  4 PagesBefore you read: Take note of the title, the author’s name and look to see if there is any biographical information on the author. Have you heard of this author before? You might want to Google him/her. Go on the internet to look over the periodical (publication) that the article came from. What do you already know about the subject, the publication or the website it came from? I recommend that you print out a hard copy of the reading. That way, you can write on the document if you haveRead MoreWhat Did You Plan For Teaching And / Or Do ( Transitions, Management, Accommodations )? Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did you plan to teach and/or do (transitions, management, accommodations)? Did you teach the plan you made? For morning meeting, we did a morning message, calendar time, and DEAR. Today for reading intervention, I planned to play sight word around the world. I ended up not doing this game because there were only two students in my group. We needed at least one more to play the game. For reading centers, we discussed Eskmios and what they were like. We also discussed some of their traditionsRead MoreWork Experience Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesExperience I absolutely had no idea what I wanted to do for work experience. I had about three different options, but I always had a negative thoughts. One was to work in a bank of any sort. Well, the good things were that I think it would be fun and it does make you look smart and important. The negatives where that, to be totally honest, I was really good at money! I wasnt that smart in maths and was also a bit careless. 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Diversity of Group and Organization Management

Question: Discuss about the Diversity of Group and Organization Management. Answer: Introduction: The focus of the research is to demonstrate a detailed description of diversity in the workplace from the global perspective in order to gain an understanding of the breadth and complexity of diversity issues. The concepts related to workforce diversity and organisational performance has been the subject matter of decade over the past few decades. The research intends to develop an insight on the trends, which have evolved in the field of diversity along with information for developing unique methods to meet the needs of the global organisations. Henceforth, the global organisations are required to concentrate on diversity and find potential ways, as diversity possesses the capability to yield higher productivity and ensure competitive supremacy in the long-run. Concept of diversity: In the words of Barak (2016), workplace diversity is the planned and systematic commitment made on the part of the organisations for recruiting, retaining, promoting and rewarding a heterogeneous combination of employees. For instance, there is sharp increase in women, minority populations and disabled people are making entry into the global workforce. Therefore, having a diverse workforce and managing the same in an effective manner are two different complete scenarios. In addition, a single initiative is not sufficient to solve the various issues of diversity and managing the same ion organisations (Chrobot-Mason and Aramovich 2013). With the increase in complexity of diversity, diversity training would continue to be a vital component of the entire diversity strategy for organisations to reap the benefits of having a diverse workforce (Edwards 2013). Moreover, it would be difficult to develop a general guideline for programs of training diversity in order to meet the unique needs of the organisations. However, there are various practices available, which would help in assuring effective diversity management in the organisations. Some of these practices constitute of inclusion of diversity into mission statement, action plans of diversity, accountability related to business aims, employee engagement, planning and career development (Gotsis and Kortezi 2015). Therefore, it is inherent that some organisations are responding to the programs of workforce diversity for avoiding legal consequences, while others are reaping the benefits after adopting such program. The diversity case could be differentiated between social justice or moral diversity case or diversity business case. Therefore, from these perspectives, the organisations are involved in managing diversity for minimising the drawbacks, which are experienced on the part of minority groups and avoid discrimination claims from the same (Guillaume et al. 2015). However, as argued by Harvey and Allard (2015), conforming to the equality laws is not sufficient, the organisations need to realise the requirements of maintaining a diverse workforce. The global firms that use both these techniques would be able to reap the maximum benefits. Benefits of diversity in the workplace: According to Kim and Lee (2014), the organisations, which involve in diversity, experience enhanced synergy amongst the employees, increased network of contacts and the employees take on different roles and tasks. The following are the benefits, which could be realised from the workplace diversity: Enhanced productivity: With the help of diverse workforce, the organisations could provide additional solutions to the customers, as new processes and ideas are developed. In addition, workplace diversity boosts up the morale of the staffs and it causes the staffs to work more effectively. The organisational managers could bring new methods and skills to accomplish team unity (Klarsfeld et al. 2014). Enhanced creativity: The workforce diversity enhances creativity within an organisation, as heterogeneous groups are cross-fertilising each other. For instance, in a consulting organisation that specialises in workforce diversity, the staffs belonging to different backgrounds generate a wide range of solutions for accomplishing a specific goal. With the increase in suggestion of diverse ideas, the probability of finding a workable answer is improved. Positive brand image: As commented by Kokkonen, Esaiasson and Gilljam (2014), the potential staffs want to know that the organisations their staffs irrespective of race, gender and ethnicity. Therefore, such firms are able to bring in new talent as well as retaining them because they are able to increase the morale of the employees arising from workplace diversity. Challenges of diversity in the workplace: There are certain challenges of adopting diversity in the workplace, which are briefly demonstrated as follows: Communication: The cultural, perceptual and language impediments are required to be overcome for ensuring success of the diversity programs. This is because ineffective communication of major objectives results in low morale, confusion and ineffective teamwork. Resistance to change: There are some staffs in the organisation, who always adopt resistance to any changes implemented in the organisation. As a result, it might decliner the overall productivity of the organisations. Necessary tools for managing diversity: Workplace diversity refers to the process of minimizing various gaps among the organizational people like religious gaps, cultural gaps and others. It is necessary to establish diversity in the workplace for the smooth running of the organization. For this reason, organizational managers use certain tools that help them to create effective diversity in the organization. There are three major tool that the managers use. They are discussed below: The first tool is Planning and Implementation. It is utmost important for the organizational managers to make an effective plan so that diversity in the workplace can be maintained. Only planning is not enough until the plans are implemented properly (Landrito and Sarros 2013). It is the duty of the managers to properly manager and implements the diversity in workplace. The second tool is Conflict Resolution Skill. In order to maintain workplace diversity in the workplace, the managers need to resolve the internal conflicts of the organization in an effective way. For this purpose, the managers need to obtain the conflict resolution tools. The Third tool is Proper Communication. The presence of proper and effective communication between the managers and the employees make the process of implementing workplace diversity easier. Proper communication minimizes the scope and miscommunication and hence, there can be a cordial atmosphere in the workplace. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been found that employee engagement is the major need for the global organisations in maintaining their productivity level and ensuring competitive advantage. This is because workplace diversity helps in boosting up the morale of the employees to come up with new ideas and innovations. As a result, it helps in improving the overall business performance of the global organisations. However, there are certain challenges associated with workplace diversity, which include resistance to change and communication. References: Barak, M.E.M., 2016.Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Chrobot-Mason, D. and Aramovich, N.P., 2013. The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity.Group Organization Management,38(6), pp.659-689. Edwards, M.R., 2013. Employees as a Focus of Branding Activities: A Review of Recent Contributions to the Literature and the Implications for Workplace Diversity.Equal Opportunities International. Gotsis, G. and Kortezi, Z., 2015. Workplace Diversity: A Resource or a Source of Conflict?. InCritical studies in diversity management literature(pp. 1-12). Springer Netherlands. Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S.A. and West, M.A., 2015. Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior. Harvey, C.P. and Allard, M., 2015.Understanding and managing diversity. Pearson. Kim, H.K. and Lee, U.H., 2014. Managing workplace diversity and employees' turnover intention: The mediating role of perceived organizational support.Journal of Digital Convergence,12(10), pp.145-156. Klarsfeld, A., Booysen, L.A., Ng, E., Roper, I. and Tatli, A. eds., 2014.9.78 E+ 12: Country Perspectives on Diversity and Equal Treatment. Edward Elgar Publishing. Kokkonen, A., Esaiasson, P. and Gilljam, M., 2014. Migration?based Ethnic Diversity and Social Trust: A Multilevel Analysis of How Country, Neighbourhood and Workplace Diversity Affects Social Trust in 22 Countries.Scandinavian Political Studies,37(3), pp.263-300. Landrito, L. and Sarros, J.C., 2013. Effective leadership and workplace diversity.BOOK REVIEW, p.3.

Obstacles for economic policy coordinations an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

Obstacles for economic policy coordinations Abstract Need essay sample on "Obstacles for economic policy coordinations" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed There are three main obstacles to successful coordination of international economic policy. They are enforcement, uncertainty, and corruption (Frankel, 1990; Tanzi s trade for kickbacks or for bribes. What are some obstacles to successful international economic policy coordination? For successful coordination of international economic policy, there are three main obstacles: enforcement, uncertainty, and corruption (Frankel, 1990; Tanzi & Davoodi, 1998). "The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations" (World Trade Organization, n.d.). The problem with only one organization to supervise all trade is the difficulty of this. Not every country is a member of the WTO and there are only 150 countries that are members of this organization out of the whole world. Therefore it is impossible for all of the trade policies to be enforced around the world. People Frequently Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to write essay for me? Specialists propose: Original Essays For Sale Write A Paper Online College Paper Writing Service Reviews Essay Writing Company Uncertainty is the second obstacle that can emerge. Countries that enter a trade agreement are unsure as to what will happen in the long run. The questions that may appear will be about their jobs, inflation, sovereignty, environment, etc and the list continues. Its important to know or predict the outcome of the agreements. So with every business venture it is important to always keep the lines of communication open and also to do the proper research. Corruption is another issue that can occur. Some companies might invest in a country in hope of kickbacks or bribes. The result is that, paradoxically, some public investment can end up reducing a country's growth because; the average productivity of the investment will drop even though the share of public investment in gross domestic product (the total of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year) may have risen (Tanzi & Davoodi, 1998). The country that is thought as "giving the bribe" gets hurt in the long run. References Frankel, J.A. (1990, September 25). International nominal targeting (int): A proposal for overcoming obstacles to policy coordination. http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~jfrankel/MONTDUMM.R51.PDF Tanzi, V. & Davoodi, H. (1998, March). Roads to nowhere: How corruption in public investment hurts growth. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/issues12/index.htm

Analyzing Latin Amеrica’s Hеritagе

Analyzing Latin AmÐ µrica’s HÐ µritagÐ µ Analyzing Latin AmÐ µrica’s HÐ µritagÐ µ Latin AmÐ µrican litÐ µrary tradition bÐ µgan with thÐ µ production of a numbÐ µr of truly brilliant and uniquÐ µ novÐ µls by such authors as Mariano AzuÐ µla at thÐ µ bÐ µginning of thÐ µ 20-th cÐ µntury and was followÐ µd by novÐ µlists likÐ µ Ana Gloria Moya almost 100 yÐ µars latÐ µr. IntÐ µrÐ µstingly, many Latin AmÐ µricas novÐ µls that wÐ µrÐ µ producÐ µd during thÐ µ past cÐ µntury dÐ µpict thÐ µ strugglÐ µ for indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µncÐ µ and thÐ µ quÐ µst for bÐ µttÐ µr lifÐ µ, which wÐ µrÐ µ thÐ µ idÐ µas promotÐ µd by AzuÐ µla and Moya. Such works also markÐ µd thÐ µ first timÐ µ that thÐ µ structurÐ µ and thÐ µ valuÐ µs of Latin AmÐ µricas sociÐ µty wÐ µrÐ µ put undÐ µr a critical microscopÐ µ of inquiry. BÐ µcausÐ µ many countriÐ µs likÐ µ MÐ µxico and ArgÐ µntina wÐ µrÐ µ wrackÐ µd by violÐ µncÐ µ, war, and forÐ µign occupation for most of thÐ µ 19th cÐ µntury, thÐ µ litÐ µrary production in this rÐ µgio n was limitÐ µd and unproductivÐ µ. Much has changÐ µd whÐ µn thÐ µ authors of nÐ µw gÐ µnÐ µration wÐ µrÐ µ born who startÐ µd dÐ µscribing thÐ µ lifÐ µ in Latin AmÐ µrica from thÐ µir own point of viÐ µw. ThÐ µy cÐ µntÐ µrÐ µd on picturing diffÐ µrÐ µnt layÐ µrs of sociÐ µty that influÐ µncÐ µd thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of rÐ µvolutionary movÐ µmÐ µnts and strugglÐ µ for indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µncÐ µ. This papÐ µr, by rÐ µfÐ µrring to thÐ µ main thÐ µmÐ µs and charactÐ µrs prÐ µsÐ µntÐ µd in Mariano AzuÐ µlas ThÐ µ UndÐ µrdogs and Ana Gloria Marias HÐ µavÐ µn of Drums, illustratÐ µs how thÐ µsÐ µ authors link thÐ µir protagonists livÐ µs through plot dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt to thÐ µ rÐ µal Ð µvÐ µnts and common pattÐ µrns prÐ µsÐ µnt in Latin AmÐ µrica during thÐ µ Ð µra of indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µncÐ µ and thÐ µ bÐ µginning of thÐ µ 20-th cÐ µntury. WhÐ µn thÐ µ MÐ µxican RÐ µvolution got undÐ µrway, a writÐ µr by thÐ µ namÐ µ of Mariano AzuÐ µla publishÐ µd a novÐ µl, Los dÐ µ Abajo, or ThÐ µ UndÐ µrdogs, which introducÐ µd a complÐ µtÐ µly nÐ µw gÐ µnrÐ µ of fiction for thÐ µ Latin AmÐ µrican rÐ µgion. AzuÐ µla's novÐ µl tÐ µlls thÐ µ story of thÐ µ MÐ µxican RÐ µvolution from thÐ µ pÐ µrspÐ µctivÐ µ of pÐ µasants in thÐ µ countrysidÐ µ caught up in thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µr-shifting winds of thÐ µ movÐ µmÐ µnt. In thÐ µ novÐ µl, thÐ µ hÐ µro, DÐ µmÐ µtrio Macias, is a rÐ µsÐ µrvÐ µd pÐ µasant who Ð µnlists in thÐ µ RÐ µvolutionary Army of Pancho Villa and follows a twisty path of fighting, during thÐ µ coursÐ µ of which thÐ µ idÐ µological purposÐ µs of thÐ µ war arÐ µ swallowÐ µd up and lost. ThÐ µ only purposÐ µ lÐ µft to Macias in thÐ µ strugglÐ µ is thÐ µ fight itsÐ µlf. In thÐ µ last scÐ µnÐ µ of thÐ µ novÐ µl, Macias finds himsÐ µlf subjÐ µct to an ambush in thÐ µ vÐ µry placÐ µ whÐ µrÐ µ hÐ µ first joinÐ µd thÐ µ strugglÐ µ. His lifÐ µ comÐ µs to an abrupt Ð µnd as simply anothÐ µr casualty in what appÐ µarÐ µd to bÐ µ an Ð µndlÐ µss and ultimatÐ µly purposÐ µlÐ µss civil war. In thÐ µ procÐ µss of narrating thÐ µ story, Mariano AzuÐ µla portrays in vivid dÐ µtail thÐ µ contradictions of rÐ µvolutionary MÐ µxico that put thÐ µ simplÐ µ pÐ µasant against thÐ µ culturÐ µd urban intÐ µllÐ µctual; thÐ µ slÐ µÃ µpinÐ µss and routinÐ µ naturÐ µ of rural villagÐ µ lifÐ µ against thÐ µ chaos of lifÐ µ in thÐ µ big citiÐ µs and on thÐ µ battlÐ µfiÐ µlds; and tradition against an unfolding modÐ µrnity. This novÐ µl was thÐ µ first and pÐ µrhaps thÐ µ grÐ µatÐ µst rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntativÐ µ of thÐ µ gÐ µnrÐ µ of rÐ µvolutionary fiction that morÐ µ or lÐ µss continuÐ µd to dominatÐ µ thà  µ contÐ µnt and stylÐ µ of thÐ µ national litÐ µrary production of MÐ µxico in thÐ µ 20-th cÐ µntury. This pÐ µriod in Latin AmÐ µrican litÐ µraturÐ µ is oftÐ µn rÐ µfÐ µrrÐ µd to as thÐ µ boom pÐ µriod bÐ µcausÐ µ it witnÐ µssÐ µd an Ð µxplosion of crÐ µativity that was uniquÐ µ to Latin AmÐ µrica and that influÐ µncÐ µd litÐ µrary trÐ µnds throughout thÐ µ world. Similarly to ThÐ µ UndÐ µrdogs, HÐ µavÐ µn of Drums is a historical novÐ µl that dÐ µpicts ArgÐ µntinas fight for indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µncÐ µ What makÐ µs thÐ µ story uniquÐ µ is that it takÐ µs placÐ µ during thÐ µ turbulÐ µnt timÐ µs whÐ µn thÐ µ country was still struggling to find a national idÐ µntity. It is also a story of lovÐ µ, involving distinct figurÐ µs that rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntÐ µd thÐ µ ArgÐ µntinÐ µs sociÐ µty at that timÐ µ. ManuÐ µl BÐ µlgrado is an indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µncÐ µ hÐ µro who lÐ µads thÐ µ country to victory against thÐ µ Spanish forcÐ µs, but dÐ µspitÐ µ his opÐ µn disapproval for Blacks cannot hÐ µlp himsÐ µlf to fall in lovÐ µ with Maria Kumba, a voodoo priÐ µstÐ µss who is not only a lovÐ µr, but also an advisor to BÐ µlgrado. Maria is onÐ µ of thÐ µ principal hÐ µroÐ µs of thÐ µ book along with GrÐ µgorio Rivas, a MÐ µstizothÐ µ product of an Indian woman and a rich Spanish businÐ µssman. Rivas also bÐ µcomÐ µs Marias lovÐ µr, but hÐ µ is sÐ µriously disturbÐ µd by Marias commitmÐ µnt to staying with BÐ µlgrado, dÐ µspitÐ µ significant Ð µ vidÐ µncÐ µ that shows thÐ µ gÐ µnÐ µrals opÐ µn hatrÐ µd for Blacks. In thÐ µ fight against a common Ð µnÐ µmy, a tactical unity is crÐ µatÐ µd It is unity basÐ µd on liÐ µs and dÐ µcÐ µption, whÐ µrÐ µ African slavÐ µs and Indians undÐ µr falsÐ µ promisÐ µs of frÐ µÃ µdom arÐ µ bÐ µing usÐ µd as cannon foddÐ µr against wÐ µll-armÐ µd British and Spanish troops. Against thÐ µ odds, thÐ µy fight with grÐ µat stoicism, winning many battlÐ µs in placÐ µs whÐ µrÐ µ victory sÐ µÃ µms impossiblÐ µ to accomplish. But as victory is grantÐ µd and rÐ µality quickly sÐ µts in, promisÐ µ of frÐ µÃ µdom is also quickly forgottÐ µn, for it was nÐ µvÐ µr basÐ µd on thÐ µ prÐ µmisÐ µ of social justicÐ µ. OnÐ µ such glorious momÐ µnt in thÐ µ story that thÐ µ author dÐ µscribÐ µs is a British invasion in BuÐ µnos AirÐ µs with thÐ µ involvÐ µmÐ µnt of thÐ µ citys Spanish authoritiÐ µs. Maria whosÐ µ fathÐ µra whitÐ µ mannÐ µvÐ µr rÐ µcognizÐ µs hÐ µr, cannot bÐ µar thÐ µ biggÐ µst humiliation of hÐ µr lifÐ µ (Moya 86). ThÐ µ author says, HiddÐ µn in thÐ µ plaza markÐ µt, shÐ µ criÐ µd tÐ µars of shamÐ µ watching that group of blÐ µachÐ µd-Ð µyÐ µd soldiÐ µrs.. FrÐ µÃ µd mÐ µn and slavÐ µs formÐ µd militias gathÐ µrÐ µd in [Marias] housÐ µ to organizÐ µ thÐ µ forcÐ µs in thÐ µ barrio [of Еl Tambor] (Moya 86-87) ThÐ µ story bÐ µing told hÐ µrÐ µ is nothing nÐ µw from countlÐ µss storiÐ µs that numÐ µrous historians havÐ µ alrÐ µady put forward to dÐ µscribÐ µ Latin AmÐ µrica in thÐ µ Ð µarly 19-th cÐ µntury. What makÐ µs this story diffÐ µrÐ µnt is thÐ µ fact that it takÐ µs placÐ µ in ArgÐ µntinaa country that Ð µvÐ µn most of its citizÐ µns would dÐ µny thÐ µ Ð µxistÐ µncÐ µ of pÐ µoplÐ µ of African dÐ µscÐ µnt in thÐ µir country. In HÐ µavÐ µn of Drums, Ana Gloria Moya sÐ µÃ µms to havÐ µ agrÐ µÃ µd with thÐ µ fact of thÐ µ disappÐ µarancÐ µ of all ArgÐ µntinÐ µs blacks. In hÐ µr Ð µpiloguÐ µ, shÐ µ throws in somÐ µ passagÐ µs fillÐ µd with gloom and rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd rÐ µsignation as shÐ µ Ð µxprÐ µssÐ µs hÐ µr sincÐ µrÐ µ sympathy toward all of thÐ µm [who] wÐ µrÐ µ shamÐ µlÐ µssly Ð µxtÐ µrminatÐ µd, as if thÐ µir blood was not important, thÐ µir pain too chÐ µap to invÐ µntory (Moya 187.) A truly intÐ µrÐ µsting passagÐ µ in thÐ µ book is thÐ µ onÐ µ that dÐ µscribÐ µs thÐ µ final yÐ µars of Maria Kumba Coming from bÐ µing war hÐ µro, rÐ µspÐ µctÐ µd hÐ µalÐ µr, bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µr of thÐ µ African gods likÐ µ Shango and OlorÐ µm, lovÐ µr of GrÐ µgorio RivasthÐ µ MÐ µstizo and thÐ µ othÐ µr hÐ µro of thÐ µ bookMaria is now rÐ µducÐ µd to bÐ µing a bÐ µggar. ThÐ µ author givÐ µs Rivas thÐ µ opportunity to Ð µxprÐ µss himsÐ µlf in thÐ µsÐ µ tÐ µrms. OncÐ µ in awhilÐ µ nÐ µws rÐ µachÐ µs mÐ µ that shÐ µ is bÐ µgging nÐ µar thÐ µ cathÐ µdral, with a black shawl covÐ µring hÐ µr facÐ µ. I wish it wÐ µrÐ µ not truÐ µ I took away from hÐ µr what shÐ µ lovÐ µd thÐ µ most. I lÐ µft hÐ µr with hÐ µr hands full of magic but Ð µmpty of lifÐ µ. But I took it away from mysÐ µlf too (Mayo 187). ThÐ µrÐ µ is clÐ µarly a big diffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µ with sÐ µxual plÐ µasurÐ µ and sÐ µxual happinÐ µss ManuÐ µl BÐ µlgrado, national hÐ µro, did not think Ð µvÐ µn rÐ µmotÐ µly possiblÐ µ of thÐ µ day that Maria Kumba would bÐ µ in nÐ µÃ µd of hÐ µlp, just likÐ µ shÐ µ was always thÐ µrÐ µ by his sidÐ µ, at his sÐ µrvicÐ µ (sÐ µxual or othÐ µrwisÐ µ) during thÐ µ darkÐ µst hours of thÐ µ war in thÐ µ mountains. ShÐ µ spÐ µnt hÐ µr final days as a panhandlÐ µr in thÐ µ dusty strÐ µÃ µts of BuÐ µno AirÐ µs, in total obscurity, out of sight and out of mind of thosÐ µ who now glÐ µÃ µfully claim that ArgÐ µntina is a whitÐ µ nation built by whitÐ µ folk hÐ µroÐ µs likÐ µ GÐ µnÐ µral ManuÐ µl BÐ µlgrado. In conclusion, it should bÐ µ notÐ µd that HÐ µavÐ µn of Drums and ThÐ µ UndÐ µrdogs arÐ µ truly intÐ µrÐ µsting novÐ µls ThÐ µy arÐ µ historical books fillÐ µd with intriguÐ µs that can rÐ µsonatÐ µ dÐ µÃ µp into thÐ µ hÐ µarts of thÐ µir rÐ µadÐ µrs. Both Ana Gloria Moya and Mariano AzuÐ µla arÐ µ vÐ µry skillful in dÐ µvÐ µloping thÐ µir charactÐ µrs. DÐ µspitÐ µ dÐ µpicting diffÐ µrÐ µnt Ð µras in thÐ µ history, thÐ µsÐ µ novÐ µls havÐ µ onÐ µ fÐ µaturÐ µ in common thÐ µ uniquÐ µ ability to link thÐ µ livÐ µs of thÐ µ fictitious charactÐ µrs to thÐ µ rÐ µal Ð µvÐ µnts such as fight and strugglÐ µ for indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µncÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µnt in Latin AmÐ µrica during thÐ µ 19-th and 20-th cÐ µnturiÐ µs.

The French Revolution1 essays

The French Revolution1 essays There was a loud thunk as the blade hit, and then a roar of the crowd as another noblemans head was raised, after being cut off. The French Revolution (1789-1795) was one if not the most bloodiest revolutions ever in history. There were three social classes in France known as the Estates-General. The French revolutionists took the phrase Liberty, Equality, Fraternity as their slogan into battle (Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia). They were out to win equality, even if it meant sacrificing their own lives for it. Stands between King Louis XVI and the Estates-General are what caused the revolution. Despite their efforts to bring France to a new form government, one, which would serve the common people, France still fell into a state of corruption. The Estates-General were made up of the clergy, nobles, and the common people. It was known to have been around since 1302 (Comptons Inter. Encyclopedia) but wasnt really used again until 1788 when King Louis XVI was forced to call the almost forgotten body together again. Most all of the taxes were paid by the common people (third estate), very little were paid by the other two estates. This was one of the reasons that caused the treasury to go dry, which made Louis XVI call the Estates-General together. King Louis XVI greeted the Estates-General warmly on May 5 1789. Sirs, this day which my heart awaited since a long time has finally arrived and I see myself surrounded by the representatives of the nation which I am honored to command. The debt of the state, already immense on my coming to the throne, has accumulated during my reign. The increase in tax has been the unavoidable result and had been rendered more painful by their unequal distribution. (The Fr. Rev. and the Estates-Gen.pg.2) Louis decided to start making the first and second estates pay some taxes, still not as much as the third estate. This did how...

Essay 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

4 - Essay Example The reading reminded Muslims that their religion was revealed by God through the prophet Muhammad. The five pillars of Islam, which are ritual duties that that must be observed by all Muslims, were also mentioned and these pillars are: confessing their faith, observing the five daily prayers, paying alms to the needy, fasting during the month of Ramadan and pilgrimage or hajj to Mecca ((Ellwood & McGraw 374). The authors also explained the importance of the hajj to Muslims and the significance of the mosque as the main place of worship to the Muslims. Several religious rites that are also practiced by Muslims were also mentioned in the book. The spread of Islam from the Middle East to North Africa were also discussed in the reading (Ellwood & McGraw). The two largest branches of Islam, Sunni Islam and the Shi’a Islam were also mentioned in the reading. The Shiites believed that the descendants of Ali, (Muhammad’s son-in-law) were divinely ordained by God and they are called Imams. On the other hand, the Sunnis believed that it was Muhammad’s intention for the Muslims to choose a successor amongst themselves by agreement and they are called caliphs. The difference between the Sunni and Shi’a Islam were made clear in the reading. Islamic mysticism was also explained in the reading and the tensions that it had with mainstream Islam. Islamic mysticism was explained as a factor that has deepened the life of Muslims. The role of Islam in politics was also explained in the reading in the history of Islam and their role in modern politics, especially in the region of the Middle East. The concept of jihad, a ‘holy war’ was also explained in the reading as Muslims actually see it as a means of converting Non-Muslims and drawing their hearts to God. The reading actually relate to my experience in the sense that, it expands my knowledge on the little understanding I have about Islam. The day to day practices of Muslims that were highlighted in the reading

Counter Terrorism in Comparative Perspective Essay

Counter Terrorism in Comparative Perspective - Essay Example Terrorism has over the years become one of the most pressing and complex issues facing various governments. Despite the attempts made to solve the problem, terrorism still remains a crucial threat to national and global security. The objectives of counterterrorism are to neutralize terrorist cells and operatives and minimize the probability of a terrorist attack. The analysis of the threat of exposure and response to terrorism acts is a collaboration between different institutions of the state such as investigative, prosecutorial, and law enforcement institutions (Setty 2010, p.152). This paper puts UK’s and Spain’s counterterrorism policies into perspective. The comparative analysis spotlights controversial aspects in counterterrorism such as detention devoid of trial, excessive surveillance, and deportation of suspected terrorists. The analysis borrows from intertwining axes of legal norms (emanating from international as well as national perspectives) and the associa ted political tenets. However, the success of counterterrorism efforts is not clear cut as they can thrive in a certain country and fail in another. Amnesty, conciliation, repression, legal reform, and restriction, are some of the counterterrorism strategies that states can adopt. United Kingdom Counterterrorism Strategy The UK has a long and chaotic history of fighting domestic and foreign terrorization such as conflicts between Irish Republican Army (IRA), which had escalated in the 1970’s, but largely resolved in 1998. However, the UK has recently been grappling with home grown Islamist extremists. UK counterterrorism strategy can be traced back to the legislation of the Prevention of Violence Act 1939. The Terrorism Act 2000 substituted the earlier counter terrorism policies with a bold policy (Sidel 2007, p. 170). This policy was followed by the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001, which featured after 9/11 attacks. The prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 was drafte d post 7 July 2005 London bombings. The Terrorist Act handed the government enhanced powers for suppressing terrorists and their sympathisers. It also instilled coherence in the country’s anti-terrorist legislation (Orttung & Makarychev 2006, p. 4). Counterterrorism laws in UK elevate the rule of law, as well as the call for preservation of civil rights and liberties for terrorist detainees pursuant to criminal prosecution. The judicial scrutiny encompasses whether reasonable grounds exist to charge the detainee with a terrorist offense. The terrorism Act 2000 initially instituted a seven-day period but subsequent amendment accommodated a maximum of 14-day detention without trial in the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (Sidel 2007, p. 166). In 2006, the UK government sought to extend the pre-charge detention to 90 days but was scaled down to 28-day limit as established in the Terrorism Act 2006. The UK government has continued to register its preference to extend the pre-charge peri od. Nevertheless, the constitutionality and the efficacy of the extension have come under heavy attack from human rights activists. The pre-charge detention has produced mixed results with lingering questions on efficacy, safeguarding of rights and contribution to national security, observance of rule of law, and institutional legitimacy. Ever since the July 2005 terrorist attacks, the

Rewriting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rewriting - Essay Example Nevertheless, she was able to go through education system and began to be exposed to people speaking other languages later in life. Although she was able to acquire language skills, she did it at a slow pace. The most interesting observation was that her level of understanding new language was not as profound as found in children who acquire language skills at early age. Despite following similar procedures of language acquisition, she could not meet the standards acquired by young children who learn language naturally. However, other cognitive abilities were not inhibited. Despite her problem in language acquisition, she was able to develop interactive skills and could therefore understand different communication styles from other people. Whereas her language acquisition skills lagged behind, other cognitive abilities were not inhibited in any way. This example is a clear indicator that language acquisition is independent of other cognitive abilities. It is worth noting the contrast of this idea with Moskowitz’s ideology, which claims that the two are connected. He feels that linguistic specialization is part of human intelligence, which implies that none can be developed

Developing Corporate Culture within an organisation

Developing Corporate Culture within an organisation As defined in Assignment 1, culture is a set values, beliefs, common understanding, thinking and norms for behavior that are shared by all members of a society. Organizational climate, on the other hand, is the process of quantifying the culture of an organization. It is a set of properties of the work environment, perceived directly or indirectly by the employees, that is assumed to be a major force in influencing employee behavior. In laymens terms, it is the employees opinion of the workplace environment that could have a direct bearing on their performance. For instance, a high performance climate will encourage individuals to do what is needed to meet goals, satisfy customers, and exceed expectations. Likewise, a poor climate will result in loss of confidence in the organization, lower commitment and mediocre performance from employees. There are six factors to evaluation climate, and they are: Clarity Everyone knows what is expected of them. Standards Challenged with reasonable goals. Responsibility Employees given authority to accomplish tasks without checking for approval. Flexibility Employees are recognized and rewarded for good performance. Rewards Employees are recognized and rewarded for good performance. Commitment People are proud to belong to the organization. Using these six factors to assess the climate at the School Employee Retirements System of Ohio (SERS), we can evaluate SERS existing climate from their scores in the Denison Organization Culture Survey. Climate Factors Denison Organizational Culture Survey Score Clarity Vision: 81% Goals Objectives: 82% Strategic Direction Intent: 78% Standards Coordination Integration: 87% Agreement: 73% Core Values: 73% Responsibility Customer Focus: 79% Flexibility Creating Change: 77% Empowerment: n/a Rewards Launch a rewards and recognition programme such as their standardized merit system to recognize those that go above and beyond. Commitment Capability Development: n/a Organizational Learning: 82% Team Orientation: n/a SERS has definitely taken on board the feedback from their initial Denison Organizational Culture Survey scores in 2006 and progressed significantly using the Culture Change Monitor. In a mere three years, it has realized remarkable improvements across many areas of the Denison model and transformed into an organization with balanced top-down and bottom-up team work and involvement. Task 2 Recommend ways to improve corporate climate in an organization. SERSs effort and accomplishment in their transformation is indeed an incredible feat. It would be wise for them to keep at their efforts in establishing an open communicative environment and aim towards creating an inclusive and meritocratic culture. American marathon runner, Joan Benoit Samuelson, was once quoted saying, I look at victory as milestone on a very long highway. Likewise, the journey to victory for SERS is a long road ahead. Thus it is important for SERS to consistency review the data to ascertain the details to progress forward and achieve organizational success. SERS could perhaps make improvements in their efforts for diversity and inclusion, which would ultimately lend in creating a strong future for SERS. This can be attained through addressing the factors of difference and fully capitalizing on the potential contribution of all employees. Embedding diversity and inclusion will give SERS the competitive advantage and help cultivate a competitive culture. For example, SERS could launch a global diversity drive and arrange networking events for affinity groups whereby particularly sub-sets of employees can network and exchange experience. Here, members can come together to discuss key issues and learn from each other, very much similar to their existing leadership development programme. On the employee development front, the SERS University is a good development to embed a learning culture within the organization. With this platform, employees are given the resources of a university to help them advance their careers, realize personal enrichment and achieve success. Additionally, the employee culture of SERS could be weaved into employee development course to inculcate a culture that focuses high engagement. Last but not least, it is recommended that SERS launch their own sustainability campaign to formulate a culture that is part of life and spirit of the communities it serves. It could be accomplished by involving volunteers across the company to donate time, money and resources to help those in need. Furthermore, SERS could offer educational resources such as books, classrooms, teachers to children in need. Task 3 Proposed a framework of organizational values that meet the specific strategic and operational needs of an organization The Competing Values Framework (CVF) developed by Quinn, Rohrbaugh could be proposed to conduct organizational analysis of the existing organizational values. The CVF was initially developed from the research on major indicators of effective organizations. Based on statistical analysis of a comprehensive list of effective indicators, Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1983) discovered two major dimension underlying conceptions of effectiveness. The first dimension is related to organizational focus, from an internal emphasis on the well-being and development of people in the organization to an external focus on the well-being and development of the organization itself. The second dimension differentiates organizational preference for structure and represents the contrast between stability and control and flexibility and change. Plotting this to illustrate, we get a spatial model that forms four quadrants, each with its own set of distinct indicators. Graphically, the CVF can be illustrated as the following: Each quadrant represents one of the four dimensions as depicted in the Denision Organizational Culture survey. These are the four major modes of organization and management theory. In the first quadrant on the upper left corner, we have the Human Relations Model which stresses on flexibility and internal focus. Here, cohesion, morale and human resources development are regarded as a criteria for effectiveness. On the upper right corner, we have the Open System Model. In this quadrant, emphasis is placed on flexibility and external focus, and the primary concerns are the readiness, growth, resource acquisition and external support. Moving on to the lower section of the diagram, the left quadrant is the Internal Process Model, while the right quadrant is the Rational Goal Model. The former emphasizes on control and internal focus and stresses the role of information management, communication, stability and control. The latter emphasizes on control and external focus, and looks upon pla nning, goal setting, productivity and efficiency as effective tools. Using the similar methodology, an alternative model of the CVF demonstrates the applicability towards leadership. Here, eight categories of leadership behaviors emerge, and can be illustrated as the following: Within each quadrant in this alternative model, each represents two roles that aligned with the four modes of organization and management theory. Human Relation Model Mentor is helpful and approachable, and is responsible for the personal development. Facilitator promotes teamwork, cohesiveness and manages interpersonal conflict. Open System Model Innovator possesses the creative and out-of-the box thinking skills, whereas broker possesses the political astute, persuasive, influential and powerful. Internal Process Model Monitor role checks on the performance and handles the paperwork, while coordinator facilitates the structure, schedules and the coordination efforts. Producer Role Model Producer role is responsible for the tasks and work, and motivate employees to attain stated goals, while director role engages in planning and goal setting, sets objectives and establishes clear expectations. This Competing Value Framework (CVF) can be a useful framework of organizational value that meets the specific strategic and operational needs of an organization. Management should take into account all of these eight roles and achieve a balance in competing demands and expectations. As such, this tool could help diagnose their existing and desired culture, and identify organizational gaps. Furthermore, it could be used as a tool for teaching and provide help in better understanding the similarities and differences of managerial leadership roles. Task 4 Identify internal and external stakeholders of an organization. Stakeholders in an organization are simply individuals or group that has an interest in the outcome of your objective. Internal stakeholders are defined as the people who are already committed in their responsibilities as board members, staff, volunteers, and/or donors. External stakeholders, on the other hand, are the people who are impacted by your work as clients/constituents, community, partners, and others. Internal Stakeholders can be represented by the following groups: Board members: Responsible for appointment of management in an organization, take accountability of management for their use of resources and the results of the stewardship of management. This stakeholder may engage in economic decisions which include whether to buy or sell an investment or whether to reappoint or replace the management. Staff members: Employees and their representative groups are interested in the well-being such as the stability and profitability of their employers. They are interested in information which enables them to assess the ability of the enterprise to provide remuneration, retirement benefits and employment opportunities. Donors: The investors of the organizations that provides the risk capital. They are concerned with the risk taken, and return on equity from their investments. They need information to make informed decision of either buying, holding or selling. Shareholders are also interested in financial metrics to discern the ability of the organization to meet dividend payments. External Stakeholders can be represented by the following groups: Clients: Clients or customers are the source of revenue for the business. Community Partners: These are the association boards, regulatory bodies that are concern with the business codes of conduct that the organization follows. Others: Could range from their Corporate Social Responsibility partners, group alliances, the charities that are in partnership with, and the environment. Using NHS as a case study, we can identify the following list of internal and external stakeholders: Internal Stakeholders External Stakeholders Director of Public Health Head of Health Intelligence and Information Procurement Director of Nursing Public Health Strategists Public Health Management Analyst Director of Programmes and Services Research Scientist Communications Environmental Health Intelligence Analyst Public Health Manager Trustees Board committee members Local Authority/council Providers Acute trusts Patients Service users Customers Suppliers Funders Quality assessors LINk group Special interest groups Health visitors/school nurses Wider public health workforce Media Task 5 Evaluate the effectiveness of an organizations existing communication strategies. Communication is one of the basic functions in an organization and its importance can hardly be overemphasized. It is the process of transmitting information, ideas, thoughts, opinions and plans between various parts of an organization. In other words, it is an active two way process that involves listening, speaking, writing and reading. Effective communication in the workplace is essential to provide clear direction and expectations to employees. This will help promote higher productivity, improved performance and increased customer loyalty and profit. Communication strategy in an organization is defined as a management technique for determining the most effective method of communicating in an organization. It outlines the process for communicating and sharing information on project benefits and facts to target audiences and stakeholders. In order to evaluate the effectives of SERSs existing communication strategies, it important to analyze this with respect to its internal and external stakeholders. Communication among internal stakeholders Since 2006, SERS have come a long way in establishing increased communication and promote a culture of openness. One avenue of communication among employees is the daily newsletter publication that provides the latest updates on community information and events, new hires and other relevant organizational information. In addition to that, monthly publications are handed out to employees detailing highlights from monthly board meetings to keep employee abreast on major organizational decisions. This provided employees a structured platform to keep track of major changes and also foster inclusion by encouraging participation in meetings. The set up of cross-function teams was another initiative on the communication front. This enabled staff to work in teams to address key issues, set specific goals and milestone to ensure accountability for their team. Here, cross-functional teams were responsible in the evaluation of the existing performance management process and the creation of competency models for every job function. These models communicated the performance metrics by first defining SMART goals, thus giving employees a sense of empowerment and accountability for reaching their goals. Communication among external stakeholders On the communication initiatives among external stakeholders front, not much have been mentioned in this case study. Extending this with additional research, SERS is currently exploring new ways to communication with their strategic partners. This involve identify and delivering solutions that will bring the greatest impacts to their external stakeholders. Currently, SERS is looking at providing multiple service channels for their existing members to include face-to-face, electronic, web, multi-lingual, etcetera. They have also engaged in lobbying and public education to minimize the potential for detrimental legislation. Task 6 Develop new communication strategies of an organization that address differences in belief, values, customs and language. The ability to communicate is essential to organizational success. We have come into an age of knowledge, and the ability to communicate effectively is the key to harness that knowledge. A good communications strategy would allow for better control and help structure issues in perspective to ultimately address the difference in belief, values, customs and language. Today, SERS has clearly identified its new model in its mission statement affirming its dedication to communication and collaboration to help them identify, and deliver solutions for, the issues of greatest impact to their members and retirees. In the initial stages of the development of a new communications strategy, it would be ideal to make this a collective process and involve participation of all members. This will help facilitate the brainstorm session and pool the necessary skills and competencies to develop an appropriate communications strategy for SERS. This strategy can be structured in several stages: Phase 1 Preliminary outline prepared by the close collaborators. Phase 2 Outline submitted to various partners for comments and revisions. Comments are also received from individuals, groups, etc. Phase 3 Management meets to finalize the strategy, and input/feedback from a communications expert is prompted. Phase 4 Once established, the strategy must be communicated to partners, groups and all members in the organization. The ideal way through the development process is to hold regular team meeting to keep everyone up to date on the needs and to keep the dossier active. This ongoing process allows the strategy to be continually verified during meetings, and evolve to adapt its existing requirements. At SERS, there are a few suggestions to be included in this new communications strategy. SERS can introduce new technologies to facilitate communication among staff. This could be implemented by installation of instant messenger applications, video conferencing tools and email to allow internal stakeholders to communicate more efficiently. SERS could bring its daily newsletters and monthly publications through its intranet and allow members access this information remotely or in the free time. Embed diversity and inclusion by launching a global diversity drive and arranging networking events for affinity groups whereby particularly sub-sets of employees can network and exchange experience. Here, members can come together to discuss key issues and learn from each other, very much similar to their existing leadership development programme. Adopt an open door policy to create an open atmosphere and allow junior members to freely discuss ideas or views on various issues. Creation of special occasion like an SERS day to allow employees from different departments to get to know each other on a personal level and engage in team building activities. Establish a feedback system to ensure a two-way process in the evaluation of colleagues and managers. Anonymity can be enforced by allowing employees to post feedback through an opaque ballot box. Conduct periodic surveys with their internal and external stakeholders to monitor existing performance and seek out avenues for improvement. Taking into account these suggestions for SERS coupled with the 4 stage action communications strategy, SERS will be able to achieve better manager employee relations, bring about improvement in motivation and morale, and ultimately increased productivity and ensure organizational success.

Blood Brothers :: Drama

Blood Brothers My practical work in September to December was for my acting option. It was a scripted piece of work based on the play Blood Brothers. There are various themes in Blood Brothers, a clash of class, romance, jealousy, and betrayal. My contribution to the performance was as a seven-year-old child. I played Edward. Edward is a very reserved character. He is well spoken and polite and is very surprised and shocked at many things Mickey (his friend) does. He comes from a wealthy background and so is used to having everything he needs. He enjoys helping other people out. When acting as Edward I needed to have a very good posture. Holding myself well, this showed a contrast between Edwards’s upper class and Mickey’s lower class. I also needed to speak well, pronouncing my words clearly. This again showed a clear contrast between Mickey and Edward’s class. To help me in my work I looked for information on the Internet and books I looked at pictures of young boys in the 1950’s, this helped me choose my costume. I also listened to the Blood Brothers sound track, and watched a professional performance of Blood Brothers at the Phoenix Theatre. I also read a play called Blue remembered Hills by Dennis Potter. The most useful material I looked at was the production of Blood Brothers at the Phoenix theatre. This is because it helped me with many things. To begin with I watched and listened to Edward very carefully. I took note of the way in which he moved and the facial expressions he used. I also listened very carefully to the pace at which he spoke and the tone of his voice. I could then use this to improve my personal performance. I also observed the costume Edward was wearing. This helped me to decide what I should wear for my performance. I am now going to contrast and compare Blood Brothers with Blue Remembered Hills; our piece was set in the 1950’s. However, the other play was set in 1943 during the Second World War. The plays were similar because they both started off with people very happy, playing and enjoying themselves. However as they continued both plays became more serious and in the end at least one person was killed in both. There also some differences. To begin with Blood Brothers is a cyclical play. This means it starts at the end, then goes to beginning then the end again. Blood Brothers also skipped large time gaps. The play showed scenes with the same characters as children teenagers and adults in the 1850’s 60;s 70’s and 80’s.

Jfk Inaugural Address Essay

John F. Kennedys Inaugural Speech Rhetorical Analysis. On January 20th of 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy gave his inaugural speech in front of thousands, while millions were watching on television. He was sworn into office as the thirty fifth president of the United States of America. In his speech, JFK uses rhetorical analysis to persuade the audience, which was filled with a lot of different ethnicities. First, John F. Kennedy uses ethos in his speech.Because he gave his speech in the cold, on an icy day says a lot about him as a person, better yet a president. He delivered his speech in the cold, on a very icy day, the speech could’ve been postponed but he decided otherwise, which shows that he is willing do to whatever for his country. He also uses ethos by mentioning God. By mentioning God and explaining that God is important in his life, he is making himself seem trustable and relatable. He relates more to the Christ based community by mentioning his faith.Because it was extremely cold outside, he made his speech short. His speech was short but it wasn’t ineffective. By his speech being short because of the weather, that also helps establish ethos because it shows that he cared about the audience. Also in this speech, JFK uses a lot of emotion (pathos). He tells his audience that they will have a say so in the country. He used pathos by making the audience believe that they have a role in this country.

Factors Should Be Considered While Making Investment Accounting Essay Essays

Factors Should Be Considered While Making Investment Accounting Essay Essays Factors Should Be Considered While Making Investment Accounting Essay Essay Factors Should Be Considered While Making Investment Accounting Essay Essay In this undertaking we need to depict the two undertakings and compare them and do study of that two undertakings by using our cognition undertaking public and private and how the appraise and by comparing them and in the 2nd portion demand to compose about station audit assessment by recommendation. Compared two Investment undertakings Capital outgo can be defined as outgo where the benefits last more than 15 months.A For the most portion, this means outgo on assets such as edifices or equipment, which can be used over a long period. Capital points are important assets that will hold a life of many old ages, such as land, new edifices, roads, etc. This is different to gross disbursement, which covers daily points to run services such as staffing and purchase of services. Capital points need to be funded individually to reflect this difference in usage. : Gross outgo is expenditure incurred either for the intent of trade of concern i.e. , merchandising and distribution disbursals. It is used for keeping bing gaining capacity of non-current assets. Sing two investing undertakings below: Net income / Loss Undertaking A Undertaking B Capital Outgo ( 60000 ) ( 60000 ) Year 1 10000 25000 Year 2 35000 15000 Year 3 15000 10000 Year 4 ( 9000 ) 10000 Year 5 ( 10000 ) ( 9000 ) Each undertaking is expected to be operational for five old ages and at the terminal of which clip there is non expected to be any scrap value. Capital outgo for both undertakings would be incurred instantly. Depreciation to be charged on consecutive line footing method. Tax to be ignored. Cost of capital to be 15 % . Project-A Capital Outgo is 60000. At the terminal of five old ages value becomes zero. Year Cost in Percentage 15 % Discount Factor 1 1 / 1 + 0.15 0.894 2 0.894 / 1 + 0.15 0.797 3 0.797 / 1 + 0.15 0.712 4 0.712 / 1 + 0.15 0.637 5 0.637 / 1 + 0.15 0.567 Year Profit/Loss Discount Factor Present Value 0 ( 80000 ) 1 26000 0.894 23244 ( 26000*0.894 ) 2 51000 0.797 40647 ( 51000*0.797 ) 3 31000 0.712 22072 ( 31000*0.712 ) 4 7000 0.637 4459 ( 7000*0.637 ) 5 N.P.V 6000 0.567 3402 ( 6000*0.567 ) 33824 ( 93824-60000 ) At the terminal of five old ages, undertaking would give ?33824 ( 93824 60000 ) Project-B Capital Outgo is 60000. At the terminal of five old ages value becomes zero. Depreciation = 12000 ( 60000/5 ) . Net income is increased by 12000, net income becomes 37000 ( 25000+12000 ) . Calculating pay-back period of undertaking and Net nowadays value Calculating net present value Interest rate = 15 % Depreciation = 12000 ( 60000/5 ) . Net income is increased by 12000, net income becomes 22000 ( 10000+12000 ) Calculating pay-back period of undertaking and Net nowadays value Calculating net present value Interest rate = 15 % Year Net income / Loss Discount Factor Present Value 0 ( 60000 ) 1 37000 0.894 33078 ( 37000 * 0.894 ) 2 31000 0.797 24707 ( 31000*0.797 ) 3 22000 0.712 15664 ( 22000*0.712 ) 4 26000 0.637 16536 ( 26000*0.637 ) 5 N.P.V 5000 0.567 2835 ( 5000*0.567 ) 32820 ( 92820-60000 ) At the terminal of five old ages, undertaking would give ? 32820 ( 92820- 60000 ) As placing both undertakings A and B, I would propose to put in undertaking A there is more income as compared to project B and payback period is besides early every bit compared to project B. Net Present Value The difference between the present value of hard currency influxs and the present value of hard currency escapes. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitableness of an investing or project.A NPVA analysis is sensitive to theA dependability of future hard currency influxs that an investing or undertaking will yield.A For illustration, if a retail shops businessA wants to buy an bing shop, it would foremost gauge the hereafter hard currency flows that shop would bring forth, and so dismiss those hard currency flows into one lump-sum present value sum, say 565,000Pounds. If the proprietor of the shop was willing to sell his concern for less than 565,000Pounds, the buying company would probably accept the offer as it presents a positive NPV investing. Conversely, if the proprietor would non sell for less than 565,000Pounds, the buyer would non purchase the shop, as the investing wouldA present a negative NPV at that clip and would, hence, cut down the overall value of the Retail Store. Discount Payback Period The payback method determines the length of clip it takes to retrieve an initial investing. This sum of clip is called the payback period. A peculiar sum of clip is selected as a cut-off payback period for the undertaking to payback the initial investing. The easiest manner to believe of the payback period is the length of clip it takes to interrupt even in an accounting sense. Advantage Adjust unsteadily of later hard currency back. Disadvantage Ignores clip value for money and does nt number hard currency flow. Must take an arbitrary cut off point. Biased against long-run undertakings. Company make some comparing between different undertakings and seek to happen out most effectual and profitable undertaking for the company, but Private Company do investing sing different factors so public company. Following factors should be considered while doing investing: Weight of time-value of money Payback period Interest rate Company make some comparing between different undertakings and seek to happen out most effectual and profitable undertaking for the company, but Private Company do investing sing different factors so public company. Public sector: In public sector, company can non even trust on the fiscal information like rate of return and payback period etc, there are so many other issues needed to be considered while doing determination on taking or rejecting any undertaking. It involves the bringing of goods and services by and for the authorities national, regional local or municipal. ( e.g. Companies house, HM Revenue A ; Hospitals etc ) Other Factors need to be taken into history: Health and Safety ( e.g. HM Revenue, Companies House ) Geographic Location Government Polices and Properties Rate of Taxation Task 2.2 A ; 2.3 Post Audit Appraisal and Recommendation A set of procedures to measuring capital budgeting determination after the companies achieved facts and figures. It is the work to give an sentiment as to whether the fiscal statements show a true and just values and positions of the consequences at the terminal of selected fiscal twelvemonth. To make post-audit of any administration, more information about the company will supply more clear image and thought about to do post-audit. Balance Sheet It Provide detailed information about the concern assets and liabilities besides the liquidness of the concern. Net income and loss history It How net income or loss gathered by administration Cash flow statement Shows all hard currency influxs and out flows of the concern during the peculiar clip period Stakeholders, employees, providers, Inland Revenue provide in deepness cognition about the concern Trading figures Gross saless and purchases helps to happen net income sum both fiscal and non-financially ( i.e. client satisfaction ) Cost information of the production and merchandises Capital Budgeting of the administration will give the information about the future undertakings and financess ( expected ) . A station audit of an investing determination should include an appraisal of the decision-making procedure, and the consequences, benefits, and results of the determination. It facilitates organisational acquisition and support uninterrupted betterment in the investing and execution procedure. It assesses, after the fact, the efficiency and effectivity of an investing assessment, and direction s determination and execution. It should besides include a reappraisal of premises made during the decision-making procedure, for illustration premises on markets, engineering, competition, cost of capital, etc. Post audit proctors and evaluates the advancement of capital investing through comparing existent hard currency flows and other costs and benefits with those originally projected. Where a reappraisal can non mensurate all hard currency flows generated by an investing undertaking ( for illustration where it is non possible to divide the impact of a undertaking from the balance of an organisation ) , comparative success should be judged on a wider set of concern procedures or plan. In order to make up ones mind, which undertaking is good for the company, need to measure and analyze the undertakings on the available informations sing the capital outgo and net incomes, the Net Present Value, Pay-back period and Internal rate of Return etc. Performance Mentoring Cost Benefit Analysis Hazard factor Other factors such as proficient or rising prices. All these finance information makes easy to make post-audit. It is non merely depends up on fiscal information but besides needs to acquire other non-financial information that will besides give good aid to make the post-audit. More and precise informations, histories will assist needed in procedure.

6 Traits of Writing - Using the Model in the Classroom

6 Traits of Writing - Using the Model in the Classroom Help your students develop good writing skills by implementing the six traits of writing model into your classroom. What are the Six Traits of Writing? The six traits of writing have 6 key characteristics that define quality writing, they are: IdeasOrganizationVoiceWord ChoiceSentence FluencyConventions Ideas This component focuses on the main idea and content of the piece. The writer chooses details that are informative and not necessarily details that the reader already knows. (The grass is green, the sky is blue.) Objective Awareness of detailsKnowing what is importantA good sense of the main point Activities Use photographs during activities and ask students to describe what happened in each photo.Write (science, math) class predictions in a notebook and reflect upon them.Read a poem and have students write about a  real-life  connection that they have to the poem. Questions to Ask Yourself What is my message?Is my message clear?Did I include details? Organization This trait requires that the piece fits in with the central idea. The organizational structure needs to follow a pattern such as chronological order, comparison/contrast, or any other logical pattern. The writer needs to make strong connections to keep the readers interest. Objective A sense of sequence,  beginning and endingAbility to organize Activities Take a piece of the students writing and cut it into chunks and have the students piece it back together in order.Jumble a list of directions and have the students arrange them in order.Read a few books to the children and use a  graphic organizer  to compare and contrast them. Questions to Ask Yourself Was the piece I wrote in order?How does my paper start?How does my paper end? Voice This trait refers to the style of the writer. The voice is where the writer imparts his/her personal tone to the piece while still fitting in with the genre of the piece. Objective IndividualityPassionFeelings Activities Read a variety of childrens literature and have students try to identify the author.Compare the voice in fiction and nonfiction books.Have students write a piece about their favorite subject in school. When they are finished, have them read their piece to the class and see if the students can identify who wrote the piece. Questions to Ask Yourself Does it sound like me?Does the reader understand how I feel?Does my writing shine? Word Choice Word choice requires that the writer choose his/her words very carefully. The writer should enlighten the reader by choosing strong words that clarify or expand the idea. Objective Awareness of languageAwareness of different words Activities Keep a word wall.Brainstorm a list of words and list the better word to use.Make a word spinner and add new words to replace common words. Questions to Ask Yourself Do my words paint a picture?Do I use words that are appealing?Is every word that I use important? Sentence Fluency This trait requires that sentences flow naturally and smoothly. Fluent writing has rhythm and is free of awkward word patterns. Objective Awareness that the sentence makes senseRhythm Activities Write an  acrostic poem  using the  students  name.Write a half sentence and have the students complete it.Rewrite popular poems. Questions to Ask Yourself Did my sentences start differently?Is my paper easy to read aloud?Did I use complete sentences? Conventions This trait focuses on the correctness of the piece (spelling, grammar, punctuation). Objective Awareness of conventionsPatience to look backExperiment with writing Activities Answer questions in journals with conventional words in response to answering them phonetically.Use peer partners to correct spelling and punctuation.Use  mini-lessons  to teach conventions. Questions to Ask Yourself Did I use a title?Did I capitalize the correct letters?Did I check spelling? Source: Education North West

In what ways has social inequality been regarded as a context for Essay

In what ways has social inequality been regarded as a context for crime in the work Marxist and Left Realist criminologits - Essay Example that as long as people have different interests and as long as some individual groups hold more power than others then crime will always be in existence. This is because of the differentials in the power and interests of the human condition such that crime will always be a part of us. Similarly with the overthrow of the mode of production for the capitalists there will emerge the natural goodness of the humanity and this will further lead to no more criminal behaviour. The main ideologies in Marxism include the concept of crime, the cause of crime and the cure for crime. In the cause for crime the theorists refuse to pass the moral judgement since they view the criminal conduct to be morally neutral without any intrinsic properties which distinguish it from any conforming behaviour. On the other hand crime does not exist until there is a powerful interest group which is able to criminalize the activities of another group which is less powerful. Some people view crime as the revolutionary actions by those who are downtrodden in the society and others view it as the acts which are socially harmful by a class of traitors while others yet see it as the violations of the human rights. On the concept of crime the law tends to favour those who are more powerful but not any specified group. The group is more likely to be favoured if it has greater wealth more power as well as prestige in the society. This is a very powerful tool that is used by the ruling class who criminalizes the workers activities which are harmful to its interests while ignoring their own socially harmful behaviour. From the neo-Marxism came the most poplar theory of crime and the core of the Marxist is the class struggle concept. According to the Marxists the oppressors were the wealth owners who were also known as the bourgeoisie and they had the means of production and on the other hand the oppressed were the working class who were the proletariat. Also according to the Marxists the ruling class

Architecture - Project Management - Exam Research Paper

Architecture - Project Management - Exam - Research Paper Example The involved parties may not be able to complete the project if the circumstances become unfavorable. Sometimes, such political changes occur that make the execution of project meaningless, thus making it useless for the involved parties to continue the project. 5. The cost has not been rightly estimated at the outset. Sometimes, lack of competence of a single estimator ruins the whole project that is worth billions of dollars. If the cost is under-estimated, the contractor in particular incurs a lot of financial loss. 6. The contractor is not experienced in the nature of work. This can generally cause the project to fail because of weakness in several areas like risk management, construction management, and cost management etc. 7. The people involved in its supervision, execution or management are not experienced or competent enough. A strong work team is fundamental to the success of every project. 8. There parties involved in it like the client, consultant and contractor do not ha ve good rapport with each other. Personal grudges are the biggest threat to the success of every project. 9. â€Å"Failing to break projects into manageable 'chunks'† (Khan, 2011). 10. The procurement method is not consistent with the specifications of the project. List and explain five critical success factors in project management. Five of the ten critical success factors in project management as mentioned by Emond (2011) are as follows: 1. Clear goals and vision: This is the first and foremost requirement in order for a PM to be successful. 2. Support of Executive Management: In order to utilize his/her full potential and make rational decisions keeping in view the resources at hand, a PM requires support of Executive Management. 3. Proper planning: Planning is one of the fundamental PM functions. 4. Realistic expectations: The PM should take care of time, cost and resource constraints while assigning tasks to individuals so that the expectations can be realistic. 5. Skill ed workforce: Since the staff is involved in the work at the grass root level, its competence directly affects the chances of success of a PM. Pre-contract planning vs contract planning: Pre-contract planning revolves around the development of contract. In order to develop a contract, first, the project feasibility study is conducted, followed by the preparation of drawings and identification of specifications, selection of procurement method, time and procedure and selection of contractor for contract. Contract planning takes care of all events that follow the development of contract, which involve development of schedule, cost scheduling and resource leveling. Project Manager Roles Define Project Management. Project management can be defined as the application of competence and methodologies to accomplish activities of a project that is meant to satisfy or exceed the needs and expectations of stakeholders from it. Another definition for project management is â€Å"the process of controlling the achievement of the project objectives, after noting a project to be the achievement of a specific objective, which involves a series of activities and tasks that consume resources† (Munns and Bjeirmi, 1996, cited in Mavengere, n.d., p. 38). Comparison of responsibilities of a Client’s PM with those of a Contractor’s PM at the pre-tender, tender and post-tender stages of project: Pretender stage: Client’

Master Plan Evaluation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Master Plan Evaluation - Term Paper Example ty is that landsides in both of the two airports are build with the new improved facilities that giving the airports a high technological advancement. The other similarity is that the landsides in both airports meet the recommended curb capacity. Moreover, landsides in both of the two airports provide easy access to future mass transit system (Richard de Neufville & Odoni, 2003). Various differences emerge on the issue of landsides in both airports. One of the differences is that in the Kansas City, the landside accommodates southern landside access (Richard de Neufville & Odoni, 2003). However, Portland International accommodates both the southern and southern east landsides. The other established difference in matters related to landside is that the Kansas City landside provides effective to access roads. However, the landside in Portland International Airport required certain changes and improvements in order to provide effective to access roads (Richard de Neufville & Odoni, 2003). One of the similarities is that in both of the two airports, there are in-terminal circulations of vehicles within the airport. The other similarity is there are designated areas where vehicles are required to drop or pick passengers within the airport. The other similarity in matters related to vehicle circulation is that in both of the two airports, there are designated areas for parking vehicles for the all the staff members and customers. One of the established differences in both of the two airports is that there are a number of growths in relation to roadway capacity to facilitate effective vehicle circulation in Portland International Airport. Some of these growth issues include freeway interchange, airport access roads and terminal roadway. However, there are no such improvements identified in Kansa City Airport. The other main difference between the two airports is limited expansion capability in the main terminal of Kansas City Airport. However, Portland International

Naturalism in Theatre in the 19th Century Essay Example for Free

Naturalism in Theatre in the 19th Century Essay Naturalism in theatre in the 19th century, in its utmost simplest form, can be understood as the life like reproduction of life and human drama on stage. However the true understanding of naturalism is far more convoluted than this shallow notion. This essay will look at explaining and defining naturalism as a literature movement in the 19th century according to Emile Zola’s essay, Naturalism in the Theatre and Raymond Williams’ essay on Social Environment and Theatrical Environment. One way in which we may acquire a better understanding of naturalism is by comparing the other forms of theater that were precursors to naturalism. In the beginning of his essay Zola calls for an innovator’s mind to â€Å"†¦overthrow the accepted conventions and finally install the real human drama in place of the ridiculous untruths that are on display today† (Zola 1881; 351). This statement outlines the fundamentals of Romantic drama and Classical drama as being based on a grotesque exaggeration of reality and falsification of human drama. Often set in the Middle Ages (Classicism) or the Greek and Roman times (Romanticism) action was always of excess (Zola 1881; 353). If we compare this to 19th century naturalism the differences are major. Firstly we see that naturalism brought about the life like reproduction of human drama in the, then, present time, it sought realistic human stories, in real human environments. As Zola stated â€Å"Take our present environment, then, and try make men live in it: you will write great works†, here Zola expresses the basis for naturalism, real people in real situations in real environments. As this illustrates Naturalism was not concerned with fantastic untruths of another era as Romanticism and Classicism were, but was rather involved with the expression of the realistic drama of present life in a natural present environment. Williams’s classification of naturalism is divided into three ‘senses’. The first being an accurate reproduction of real life in the literal sense, this was school of thought was inherited from the naturalistic landscape paintings of the mid 1800’s, that sought to reproduce nature as accurately as possible on canvas. The second sense that Williams talks of is the distinction â€Å"between revealed (divine) and observed (human) knowledge† (Williams 1990; 125). This philosophical position viewed man as a biological element of the world as opposed to a divine metaphysical being of the universe. Naturalism in this sense was â€Å"consciously opposed to ‘supernaturalism’† (Williams 1990; 126). In the third sense Williams is more application specific, as he states that with in a play or novel it is the amalgamation of the first two senses that is â€Å"a conscious reliance on observed natural history and on human reason† (Williams 1990: 127). This expresses the urge of naturalism to rigorously investigate human nature and truth, not only in a temporal term but to â€Å"show character and action as determined or profoundly influenced by environment, either natural or social† (Williams 1990; 127). This illustrates how Williams has explained naturalism in three separate senses. [497] Determinism The Oxford Dictionary explains determinism as the belief that all events, and actions are fundamentally controlled by external causes, it suggests that humans have no free will as everything is pre-determined by the environment in which they live. As Williams points out â€Å"the novelty of the naturalist emphasis was its demonstration of the production of character or action by a powerful natural or social environment† (Williams 1990; 127). Here Williams is outlining the factor of influence, of the environment on the character or action. Naturalism as we have discussed, is concerned with the life like reproduction of life itself here Zola discusses the importance of reproduction by stating â€Å"most of all we would need to intensify the illusion in reconstructing environments, less for their picturesque quality than for dramatic utility. The environment must determine the character† (Zola 1881; 369). As this suggests, naturalism, particularly in written plays, will create the belief that the character has a predetermined outcome. As we have discussed in the second sense of Williams definitions of naturalism, the physiological man is preferred over the metaphysical view. This suggests that man is just apart of the environment in which he lives and, as a biological element, has no free will over his actions or environment. As Zola concurs â€Å"the physiological man in our modern works is asking more and more compellingly to be determined by his setting, by the environment that produced him† (Zola 1881; 370). As this illustrates, the notion of determinism in dramatic writing, especially naturalism is a vital one, as it’s study of human behavior, and what influences it in a given environment is crucial to the natural expression and form of a character. [291] The contemporary environment and its physical reproduction on stage The contemporary environment and its physical reproduction on stage is a vital facet in the workings of naturalism. Referring to Williams’ aspects of naturalism, the first being derived from the naturalistic painters of the mid 1800’s where replication of the environment was partially a scientific endeavor. Studying the surroundings and environment in exact detail is vital in understanding the action of a character, therefore in naturalism the lifelike reproduction of the characters environment on stage is essential (Williams 1990; 125). Here Williams states a ‘major feature’ of â€Å"naturalist drama in particular its specific central feature of the stage as a room† (Williams 1990; 129). This refers to the appearance of the stage as a physical extension of real present day life as it were, to supplement the feel of naturalism on stage. Here Zola agrees by stating â€Å"most of all we would need to intensify the illusion in reconstructing environments, less for their picturesque quality than for dramatic utility† (Zola 1881; 369). As this proves the aesthetical reproduction of life on stage is far more than a scenic attraction, it provides the environment in which the characters live and take influence. The second sense of naturalism that Williams describes is that of the physiological man opposed to the metaphysical man. This is an important factor as this philosophical position looks at the man as being apart of his surroundings in a biological sense. As Williams states â€Å"in the social sense that character is determined or profoundly influenced by its social environment, with the later and more penetrating observation that this social environment is itself historically produced, and in the wider sense of natural history, in the evolution of human nature itself within a natural world of which it is an interacting part† (Williams 1990; 127). Here Williams is stating that the character is impacted by his environment, that itself is historically produced. As Zola states that the physiological man in naturalism is requesting to be â€Å"determined by his setting, by the environment that produced him† (Zola 1881; 370). Zola does not take it as far as Williams as he does not state the environment itself as being historically produced, however it is agreed that they both see the physiological man being produced by his environment. This proves that the contemporary setting of a character is vital in naturalism as it illustrates the physiological man in his environment, as opposed to the metaphysical man in a distance time and place that has little relevance to mans contemporary intelligence. By utilizing two of Williams ‘senses’ of naturalism, we have seen the uses of the contemporary environment in which a character is places as well as the importance of the detailed physical reproduction of a characters environment. [458]

Helena Maria Viramontes’ The Moths Essay -- Moths Viramontes Essays

Helena Maria Viramontes’ â€Å"The Moths† I was initially drawn to Helena Maria Viramontes’ story â€Å"The Moths† due to the striking similarities between the narrator’s experience and my own experience with being thrust into the role of caretaker for a dying loved one. By tracking a young girl’s transformation through dealings with subjugation (by her culture), freedom (through her grandmother), death (of her grandmother) and grief, Viramontes successfully paints an endearing tale of change. â€Å"The Moths† emphasizes the narrator’s oppression by her household’s religion and by the social structures associated with it, juxtaposed by the freedom for development available within the native curandera custom taught by her grandmother. Through vivid yet subtle symbols, the author weaves a complex web with which to showcase the narrator's oppressive upbringing. Two literary critics whose methods/theories allow us to better comprehend Viramontes message are Jonathan Culler and Stephen Greenblatt. Culler points out that we read literature differently than we read anything else. According to the intertextual theory of how people read literature, readers make assumptions (based on details) that they would not make in real life. During these leaps within which we transform facts into values/themes, the reader creates â€Å"supplementary meaning† to the text by unconsciously setting up tension, also called binary opposition. Culler describes this process in his statement â€Å"The process of thematic interpretation requires us to move from facts towards values, so we can develop each thematic complex, retaining the opposition between them† (294). Though supplementary meaning created within the text can take many forms, within V... ...eedom was found and cultural boundaries were not shattered, simply battered, the narrator’s path was much preferable to that of her sisters (those who conformed to cultural boundaries). Through this story we can see how oppression in certain cultures changes individuals differently, creates tension between those who do not wish to be subjugated and those doing the subjugating, and we see the integral opposition between the path of Catholicism and that of curandismo. WORKS CITED: Contexts for Criticism. Ed. Donald Keesey. New York: McGraw Hill, 2003. ________________. Jonathan Culler. â€Å"Structuralism and Literature. 288-297 ________________. Stephen Greenblatt. â€Å"Culture.† 436-441 The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. Ed. Cassel & Bausch. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2000. Helena Maria Viramontes. â€Å"The Moth’s† 870-874